Typewriting machine



April l., 1,941 H. l.. PITMN 2,236,608

TYPEWRITING MACHINE 4 Filed April 20, 1938 y 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 |L ...Leg

, 4INVENTOF? HENRY L. PITMAN,

ATTQRN EY April 1, .1941. H L .TMAN 2,236,608

TYPEwnn-ING MACHINE Filed April 2o, 1938 s sheets-sheet 2 66 71 f: am

MIIIFIIIII tllll `Illlllllll mum!! INVENTQR HENRY L. PITMAN- BY ATTORNEY April Al, 1941 H. L vPrrM/m 2,236,608v

TYPEWRITING MACHINE i Filed April 20, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR I HENRY L. PITMAN, BY

LCS V v ATTORNEY April 1, 1941.- HI L, P11-MAN I 2,236,608

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed April 20, 1938 5 Sheets-Shea?.l 5

INVENTOR y HENRY L.P|TMAN v ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 14, 1941 'anatoc- 2,236,608 TYPETNG MACHEN] Henry i.. Pitman, Hartford, Conn., assignor to Underwood Elliott Fisher Gompany, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application apar zo, 193s, sel-iai Nogeoaiii lol; 19t- 64) i1 oiaims.

This invention relates to t-abulating typing machine carriages and deals with devices for counteracting the tendency of the carriage driving meanssuch as the usual spring motor. to over-speed the carriage in its advance or tabulating movements. A spring motor that is sumciently strong to quickly accelerate the carriage so as to tabulate the carriage with celerity in a short tabulating jump, will tend to over-accelerate and hence over-speed the carriage in a longer tabulating jump with consequent excessive shock to the carriage arresting parts and noisy carriage arrest.

An'object of the invention is to provide a reliable, inexpensive and durable carriage checking device adapted to keep advance of the carriage Within a definite speed limit. To this end the inventionemploys a. moto: driven element having a predetermined substantially fixed rate of motion that sets a suitable pace for the car- 'riage advance movements, thereby to avoid such excessive shock and noise at the carriage arrest. The pacing element may be connected between the carriage 'and motor in' such Way that, although the carriage is primarily driven vin tabulating direction bythe spring motor in order that it' may be arrested by the tabulating stops,

it is constrained to follow but cannot out-speed,

nor speed-upor race said element no matter how strong' the carriage spring motor may be. y

In one form of the invention, a ratchet tooth clutch is employed to connect the motor'driven pacing element and the carriage. In order to have the carriage normally entirely free of the pacing element the clutch elements are normally separated and are closed in response to operation of a key which may also be a tabulating key. VSuch ratchet tooth clutch affords a one 'way connection between the'carriage and the motor driven pacing element so as to permit the latter to continue its movement independently of the carriage after the latter is arrested by means of the tabulating key operated stop device.

In another form of the invention there is a connection, between the carriage and its motor driven pacing element, whereby the tendency oi the carriage to over-speed and hence the tendency of the carriage vto move relatively to said pacing element automatically causes the carriage to become interlocked with said pacing element so that the latter may check the carriage, the connection being so'arranged that the pacing element may continue inits` motion independently of the carriage upon arrest of the latter by the tabulating stop. 'I'his connection, al-

though effective at operation of the tabulating key, is not dependent upon said operation and, therefore, mechanism for enabling the tabulating key to render the connection eiective is eliminated.

Another object of theinvention is to provide an inexpensive; efcie'nt form of such automatic carriage and pacing-element interlockingconnection and is attained by means cfa -snubber device between said pacing-element and carriage. A

A feature of the invention resides in having the snubber device include a helix, as, for example, -a helix of spring wire, and a thereto fitted element, preferably a cylinder shaft or collar tted Within the helix. The arrangement may be such that a modicum of relative rotation of the helix and cylinder in one direction immediately causes the helix to take a snubbing grip upon the cylinder and such grip positively checks said rotation. Such helix and cylinder may be suitably applied between the carriage and the pacing. element to enable the latter, through such snubbing grip, to check overspeeding of the carriage. In a direction of relative rotation of the helix and cylinder-opposite to that aforesaid, the snubbing eiect does not Aoccur and thisv permits the pacing-element to move independently ofthe carriage after thel latter is arrested by the tabulating stop.

The spring motor usually ceo-operates with a letter-feed escapement to letter-space the oarriage. The pacing-element preferably moves continually `during use of the typewriter, and such pacing-element, together with a permanent connection thereof to the carriage, such as a vconnection including the afore-rnentioned helix,

is found to conduce to keeping the letter-spacing of the typed characters uniform. v

In another form of the invention, the arrangement may be such that the snubbing device including a helix is normally inefl'ectiveas aconlnection between the carriage and the powerdriven pacing element and is m-ade eiective, to co-operate'to control the carriage-advance, in response to operation of a key, for example, the

, tabuiating key. The carriage may be returned by means of a motor, and a feature of the invention is in the ='use of such motor'to also operate vthe carriagepacing element. A motor-driven part adapted for driving a carriage-return rack on the carriage may also drive the pacing-element and the connection of the latter to thc carriage may be effected by connecting the pacing-element to such rack.

Iof the invention, where the pacing-clment is connected to such rack, is in means whereby said relative movement of the carriage-return rack is blocked in order to enable the pacing-element to function properly.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a top plan view showing the disposition of the invention in an Underwood typewriter, parts of the latter being omitted, for

clarity. i

Figure 2 is a large scale plan view of one form of the carriage-pacing mechanism.

Figure 3 is a detail view of the connection of the helix to a companion pinion.

Figure 4 is a side elevation of parts seen in Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a front elevation of parts seen in Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a rear elevation showing principally the motor as mounted on the back of the ma- `chine frame and the carriage-return and pacing-element connections from the motor to the carriage.

Figure '7 is a perspective of a motor-operable carriage-return and line-space rack and one form of the motor-controlled carriage-pacing device, parts being shown broken away and sectioned,

y for clarity. o

Figure 8 is a section, on the trace 8-8 of Figure 2. showing details of the helical element and co-operating parts whereby the pacing-device controls the carriage. y

Figure 9 is a top plan view showing a modification whereby effectiveness of the helical element is controlled by the tabulating mechanism.

Figure 10 is a section, on the trace IU--III of Figure, 9, showing details of the helical element and co-operating parts' adapted for control by the tabulating mechanism.

Figure 11 is a front elevation of the helical element and its connection toa companion pinion. corresponding to Figure 10. v

Figure 12 is a plan view of a modificationv whereby the pacing element may be clutched and unclutched to and from the carriage.

Figure 13 is a side elevation corresponding to Figure 9 and showing part of the connections whereby the tabulating mechanism controls connection of the pacing-element to the carriage.

Figure 14 is a liront elevation of some of. the parts seen. in Figure 13 and additionally shows the ilexible connection between the tabuiating mechanism and a. part controlled thereby tocon nect the pacing-element to the carriage.

Figure 15 is a perspective of tabulating mechanism and letter-feed mechanism parts and a device whereby line-space movement of the carriage-return rack is silenced through disengagement of the letter-feed rack from the escapement pinion.

Figure 16 is a side elevation showing principally the flexible connection through which a l tabulating mechanism part acts to connect the pacing element to the carriage, and

Figure 17 is a perspective of a margin-stopcontrolled mechanism for disconnecting the carringe from the carriage-return motor that may operate continuously to drive the pacing-element.

The typewriter frame 28, Figures 1 and 6, has a rear rail 28, and a front rail. not shown, upon which a typing carriage 21 carrying a revoluble platen 2l, reciprocates. The carriage 21 is con'- nected by a draw band 29 to a spring motor 30 mounted on the frame and constantly urging the carriage leftward in letter-feed or tabulating direction. l

At operation of any one of the type-keys 22 or a space-key 33, escapement dogs (not shown) are operated relatively to an escapement wheel 34, Figure 1, in well-known manner to cause the carriage to'be letter-spaced by'means of the spring motor 30, the escapement wheel 34 having a pinion 35 normally engaging a letter-feed rack 28, Figure 7, on the carriage. The type-keys 32 actuate types not shown, to type upon a work sheet onv the platen 28. The letter-feed rack 35 is mounted on arms 3 1 pivoted to the carriage frame at 38, Figure 7, so as to be liftable clear of the escapement pinion 35 preparatory to tabulating the carriage or shifting it manually in letter-feed direction independently of the escapement devices. The escapement pinion 35 may have a known ratchet connection to the escapementwheel for freely permitting movement of the carriage in rightward or return direction without lifting the rack 26 from said pinion.

The carriage mounts racks, for supporting at different stations therealong, a plurality of column stops represented at 4I, Figure 15.

Upright denominational stop-rods 42 are mounted in the framework and are selectively lifetable upwardly into ythe path of the column stops 4I by selectively depressing'denominational tabulating keys 42, each key 43 having a lever 44 fulcrumed at 45, Figures 4, 13 and 16; in the framework, and each lever 44 having a rear arm '41 under a corresponding stop-rod 42. Each stop-rod 42 has an arm 46 for engaging a universal bar 48 fixed toa rock-shaft 49 iournaled in the framework as at 5U, Figures 2 andl. An arm 5I, fixed to said rock-shaft 49 acts upon a rearwardly-extending arm 52 of a carriagereleasing lever Il having a fulcrum 55, Figure 15, in the framework, said lever 52 having another arm 58, presenting a roller 51 under 'the letter-feed rack Il. Thus, upon depression of any tabulating key 43 and elevation of the corresponding stop-rod the universal bar 4I rocks the shaft 48 clockwise of Figure 15, thereby rocking the carriage-release lever 52 clockwise to lift the letter-feed rack Il from the escapement pinion 25 for ensuing ad-Y vance of the carriage by the spring motor 30.

The carriage-advance is arrested when the elevated denominational stop 42 intercepts the nearest column stop 4I on the carriage, whereupon the tabulating key is released. causing retraction of thecperated denomination stop 42 by its individual spring Il, Figure 4. At retraction of the denomination stop 42 the universal bar 4l, its rock-shaft 4l andthe carriagerelease lever 44 become restored.' permitting the letter-feed rack 2i to reengage the escapement .pinion 2B so that the escapement dogs and escapement wheel 24 co-operate finally to hold the carriage in its tabulated-to position.

An electric motor il has a supporting bracket Si attached tothe'back of the machine-frame 2 5 and is connectible by 'a plug I2 to a power linefor continuous operation during use of the machine. The motor-drive shaft 43 is extended. by an intermediate shaft i4 and shaft couplings 15, It, to drive an input shaft i1 of reduction 42, the latter, engaging Figure 17, is settableat any desired station along a toothed rod |98, by means of a retractable aaaaeos operates through cranks and linkage ||2 to rock gearing-.comprising a worm '68 fixed to said input shaft 81 and a worm gear 69 iixed to an output shaft 10, the shafts 61 and 10 being journaied in a reduction-gear housing 1| attached to the back of the frame 25. A suitable motor-current-controlling speed regulator of the centrifugal type is indicated a 12, Figure 6, and may work oft' the end of the motor-driven input shaft 61 and is enclosed in a casing 13 attached to the housing 1I.

A carriage-return pinion 15 isslidable on said output shaft and is normally positioned, Figure 9, so that clutch teeth 16 thereon are separated from a toothed clutch collar 11 flxed to said shaft 10, the' latterr projecting forwardly from the housing 1| and being journaled at its a shaft Ill, journaled in the framework, counter-clockwise of Figure 16, to rock the carriagereturn clutch shaft 10 clockwise of Figure 16 to forward end in a bracket 18 of the framework.

A rock-shaft 18 journaled in the. framework has fixed thereto a clutch-control arm B0 adapted to engage a groove 8| in the carriage-return pinion 15. Said rock-shaft 19 is connected by linkage 82, Figures l and 2, to a rockshaft 83 journaled in the framework and extending leftwardly, Fig. 1, to and :connected to a latch link 04 extending through an aperture in a key-lever comb-plate put shaft. 1B to engage said pinion 15 with the clutch collar 11. Y The resulting rotationof the pinion causes the latter to drive a rack-bar 92 rightwardiy of Figure I -to line-space the platen 28 and return the carriage to the right.

-The carriage-return rack-bar 82 has rack teeth $3 engaging the pinion 15, and also has slots whereby it is fitted to brackets 95 attached .to the carriage frame 21. Figure 7. The slots te permit endwise movement of said rack-bar 92 relatively to the carriage. This endwise move- `ment of the rack-bar 92 usually occurs before the rack-bar S2 picks up the carriage to return the latter and is utilized to line-space the platen. For this the carriage-return rack is formed with another set of rack'teeth 9?, Figure "I, working through an idler 9S, to rotate a sector 99 and a thereto fastened shaft Hl@ having at its upper end an arm IM adapted, as will be clear from Figure 7, to engage a line-space slide |02 carrying the usual line-space paw] m3 that engages a linespace ratchet wheel we xedto the platen axle m5. It will be perceivedA now that rightward endwise movement of the carriage-return rackbar Sr .relatively to the carriage, operates to linespace the platen, and, this having been accomplished, and the independent 'movement of the rack-bar 92 arrested, further movement of said rack-bar $2 to the right will return the carriage. The idler 9S and shaft |00 may be journaled in a bracket |86 attached to the carriage frame et.

A carriage-return-limiting margin-stop |01,

lock-arm |09 adapted to interlock with said rod. A counter-stop ||0 on the returning'carriage ing the returning carriagev to displace said margin-stop |||1 and the rod |98 tothe right of nected by cranks and linkage H4 to the'inteb: mediate rock shaft l2. vThe rocking of the latter through the rightward movement of the rod |00 moves the latch-link 84 forwardly to latched condition to keep the carriage return pinion 15 disengaged when 'the carriage recedes from the y'margin stop |01, and vthe latter, together with the rod |00. become restored by a spring, not

shown. acting on said rod |08.

The structure thus far described operates substantially as in known Underwood typewriters adapted for denominational tabulating and for power line-spacing and carriage-return, except that opening of the carriage return clutch by means of the endwise movable rod |08 is along the lines set forth in my application, Serial No.

57,205, filed January 2, 1936, now Patent No. 2,164,422, issued July 4, 1939.

I will now describe the arrangement whereby the motor l0 co-operates to check excessive speed of the carriage in its tabulating jumps. Figures l. 2, 3,- 5, 7 and 8 illustrate the preferred form of such arrangement. Y

- A cross-bar ||5 spans the sides of the typewriter frame 25 and is attached thereto asby screws I IB. Figure l. A bracket |I1 for supporting the carriage-pacing parts presently to be described, has a yoke IIB provided with a hori-Y 1d. The rear ear |2| of the bracket ||1 has a` hub |21 and a set screw |28, Figure 8, for retainingthe non-rotating axle |22 endwise. A spacer collar |2$,'Figure 8, is interposed between the carriage-pacing pinion |23 andsaid hub |21. A projection |26, Figure 4, of the bracket tongue iis serves to slidably engage the rack-bar @2 y and brace the latter against upward 'displacement.

There is rotatably loose on the axle |22, a

pinion |30 meshing with the rack teeth d3 of the carriage-return rack bar $2, Figures 2 and 5. A hub iti is integral with said pinion |30 and is adapted to fit, Figure 8, within'a helical element or helix |32 that is 'attached to the carriagepacing pinion |23 as by means of two studs |23 on the face of said pinion |23 interlocking with. l

a reiiexly-bent tail part i3d of helix |32, as at i Figure 3. The helix |32 is made preferably of engages a lug on said margin-stop |01 caussteel spring wire closely coiled and its internal diameter should be slightly under size relativelyv to the external diameter of the hub |3| of the pinion |30 so that said hub |8| has a frictional' drag on said helix |32. I'he helix |32 is wound in such direction that when the carriage, in a tabulating jump, tends to overspeed and hence tends to rotate the thereby driven pinion |3) faster than the motorfdriven cariageipacing pinion |23, the frictional drag between the hub |3| and the helix |32 automatically tends to wind up .thehelix so that said helix immediately takes a substantially irresistible snubbing grip upon the hub |3| and thereby enables the carringe-pacing pinion |23 to check the carriagedriven pinion `|30 and keep the latter and the tabulating jump or advance of the carriage with- 'in the speed of rotation of said carriage-pacing pinion |23. As illustrated at Figure 8, the hub |3| may be slightly tapered down toward the rear so that the tendency of the helix to wind up for the snubbing grip starts with the first forward coil or coils of the helix. The amount of hub-taper is small, say, two to ve thousandths oi an inch in the length of the hub depicted ai Figure 8.

It will be obvious that the carriage-checking reaction upon the carriage-pacing pinion |23 `can not overspeed or race the motor 53, because transmission of said reaction to the motoris blocked by means of the connection comprising the worm 5 3 and worm-wheel 53 between said motor i0 and pacing-pinion |23. In other words, although the motor 30 and worm 53 can drive the worm wheel 59 'and pacing-pinion |23, the pacing-pinion |23 and the worm-wheel 53 can not overdrive or race the worm 53 and motor 60.

With the helix |32 arranged as described, the carriage is operatively connected permanently to the carriage-pacing pinion |23. Nevertheless, the carriage may be returned freely since the corresponding. reverse rotation of the pinion |30 relatively to the motor-driven carriage-pacing pinion |23 is in such direction that the aforesaid trictional -drag tends to unwind the helix |32 and thus disables its snubbing action. Similarly, in the tabulating operation, the pacing-pinion |23 may rotate in its motor-driven direction independently of the pinion |30 after the carriage and said pinion |30 have been arrested as by means of a denominational stop 42 and column' stop 4|, since such independent rotation of the pacing-pinion |23 also tends to unwind the helix |32 and therefore disables its snubbing action.

It is to be understood that during use of the machine, the motor i0 and hence the pacingpinion |23 and its helix |32 rotate continuously.

It will be perceived that the pacing-pinion |23 primarily restrains overspeeding of the carriagerack bar 92 and the thereby driven pinion |30. With the rack-bar 92 adapted to move rightward relatively to the carriage for eecting line-spacing at the motor driven carriage return operation as hereinbefore described, it will be further perceived that there is a possibility that the carrlage, in tending to overspeed during a l.tabulating jump, may move in tabulating direction relatively to the pacing-pinion restrained rack-bar 32. To avoid this possibility and enable the carringe-pacing pinion |23 to function at all times, relative movement of the carriage and the rackbar 92 is caused to be blocked during the tabulating advance of the carriage. For this purpose, referring to Figures 7 and 15, the left one of the arms 31 thatsupport the letter-feed rack 35 is provided with a nger |35 adaptedto enter a hole |35 in the line-space sector 33 to block rotation of the latter and hence block advance of the carriage relatively -to the pacing-pinion vrestrained rack-bar 32. When the letter-feed rack 33 engages the escapement pinion 35, the linger |35 is withdrawn from said sector 33. But at operation of a tabulating key and its denomina.'- tional stop-bar 42, the universal bar 43 and its shaft 43 are actuated to rock the carriage-release lever 53, Figure 15, to lift the letter-feed Vrack 35 from the escapement pinion 35. This rockslthe letter-feed rock-arms 31 and therefore lhelix |32 upon the hub |3|` of the carriage-driven pinion |30, the pacing-pinion |23 also serves to check over-rapid litward advance of the carriage by'hand when the carriage is released by' lifting the feed-rack 36 manually from the escapement-pinion by means of the usual ilngerpiece extension |31 of the feed-rack arm 31,

'Figures 7 and 15. When the machine is not in use the motor 50 is shut oi! and hence, the pacing-pinion |23 is at rest and the latter, at such time, serves to prevent accidental advance of the carriage since any tendency to such accidental advance and corresponding tendency of the carriage-drlven pinion |30 to rotate would cause the latter to be immediately snubbed and checked by the helix |32 connected to the pacing-pinion |23, the latter being incapable of rotation, when the motor is at rest, by reason of being blocked by means of the worm 63 and worm-gear 59.

The described permanent connection oi the continuously-motor-driven pacing-pinion |23, to the carriage, by reason of the permanent frictional drag oi' the helix |32 upon the hub 3| of Y the carriage-driven pinion |30, is found to be conduclveto uniformity of the letter-spacing oi' the'typed characters.

In a modification, the carriage is controlled by a motor-driven pacing device only during carriage-advance resulting from operation of the tabulating mechanism and, for this purp'ose, the construction, referring to Figures 9, 10, 11, 13 and i4, is as follows:

A modied carriage-pacing pinion |38 continuously driven by 'the motor-driven gear |25 rotates on an axle |39 supported in the bracket Said axle has a reduced portion |40, Figure 10, forming a shoulder |4| between which and the forward bracket-ear |2I, a pinion |42 and its hub |43 are retained against endwise displacement, said pinion |42 being free to rotate on said reduced portion |40. Said pinion |42 meshes with the teeth 93 of the carriage rack-bar 92. The axle |33 is further Ireduced at |44 to shoulder against the front bracket-ear |2| and a screw |45 cooperates to retain the axle endwlse in the bracket 1.

A close wound helix |41 of spring wire is attached to the pacing-pinion |33 by means of a stud |43 on the face of said pinion engaging a tail |40 of the helix, Figure 11. The inside dlameter of the helix |41 is slightly larger, say, one to ve thousand-tbs of an inch, than the diameter of the hub |43 so that the helix may normally turn without frictional drag upon said hub. An annular bevel |50 formed at the Junction oi the pinion |42 and its hub |43 is adapted to constrict the forward coil of the helix |41 ,when the pacing-pinion |33 and its helix |41 are pushed forwardly from a normally retracted position, so that the helix then drags frictionally upon the hub |43. 'I'he bracket-ears |2| are perforated to slidably receive a pusher bar |52 having laterallyprojecting tongues |53 engaging the pacing-pinion |33, the latter lhaving a tongue-receiving groove |5|. f

The universal-bar rook-shaft 49 has fixed thereto an arm |54 and alongside thereof, Figures 14 and 16, is an arm |55 rotatably loose on said shaft 49'and retained between said arm |54' and a headed screw |56 threaded in the shaft 49. A. stop |51 in theloose arm |55 normally abuts the edge of the arm |54 under the tension of a spring |58 which thus yieldably connects the two arms |54, |55. The loose arm |55 has a slot |59 in which a stud |60, projecting from the pacingpinion pusher-bar |52, has side-play. A slightly different relative arrangement of the arms |54, |56 and spring |58 is seen in Figure 15, but obviously operates the same as the Figures 14, 16 arrangement.

It will be obvious now that upon the rocking of the universal-bar shaft 49 through depression 15 of a tabulatingkey 43 and1 elevation of its denominational stop 42, the arms |54, |55 and their connecting spring |56 cooperate to move the pushl er-bar |52, and thereby the pacing-pinion |38 and its helix |41, forwardly. This causes the forward coil of said helix |41 to be constricted by the bevel |50 so that it may drag frictionally upon the hub |43 of lthe carriage-driven pinion |42. Under this condition any tendency of the carriage to overspeed in the tabulating Jump and therefore rotate the pinion |42 faster than the pacing-pinion |38, will tighten the helix |41 in a carriage-checking snubbing grip upon the hub |66. The universal-bar shaft 49 has excess movement relatively to actuating the pusher-bar |52 and, during said excess movement, the spring |56 yields but keeps the forward coil of the helix thereby permitting the helix |61 to recede from the bevel |50, thus causing'the carriage to be disconnected from the pacing-pinion |36 again. A spring |56, Figure 9, may be applied to the pusher-bar |52, to facilitate the retraction of the pacing-pinion |36. Said retraction releases the helix |61 so that its forward coil is not constricted by the bevel |50.

In another modication, Figures 12 and 16, a-

carriage-pacing pinion |62 continuously driven by the motor-driven gear |25 is normally disconnected from the carriage'and becomes connected to the carriage only upon operation of the tabulating mechanism. Said carriage-pacing pinion |62 is rotatable on an axle |63 and is slidable forwardly along said axle from the normal Figure 12 position to become clutched to a pinion |54 60 that meshes with the teeth 83 ofthe carriage rack-bar 92, each pinion |52, |64 having clutch teeth |65. The carriage-driven pinion |64 rotates 'on a reduced portion of the axle |63, said reduced portion formingA a shoulder between which and the forward-bracket ear |21 said pinion |64 is retained endwise. Said reduced portion of the axle |65 and a further reduced portion, at the forward end of the axle, entered into said forward ear` |2|, and an axle-retaining screw |66 are substantially as described with reference tothe axle seen in Figure'l and are therefore not shown in full detail in Figuren. A pusher-bar |52 is used for shifting the carriage-pacing pinion |62 and is operated by the Yuniversal bar t6 by means 0175 arms |54, |55 and spring |58 substantially as described with reference to the modification that comprises the pacing-pinion |38, Figure 9. Thus, at operation of a tabulating key and elevation of its denominational stop 42, the universal-barA through arrest of the carriage by means of the projected tabulating stop 42, the pacing-pinion.

|62 vmay continue to rotate in its motor-driven direction by reason of the bevel-teeth |65 of the pacing-pinion |62 overriding the bevel-teeth |65 ofthe arrested pinion |64. During and for this overriding action, the spring |58 yields to permit the pacing-pinion |62 to shift rearwardly while the tabulating key is held down. Such overriding of the clutch teeth is of substantially short or momentary duration because the tabulating key is usually released immediately upon arrest of the carriage by the stop 42. At release I of the tabulating key, the universal-bar shaft 49 becomes restored and ensuingly a spring such ,as |46 applied to the pusher-bar |52 restores the latter and the pacingLpLinion |62 rearwardly so that the carriage is again disconnected from said continuously-rotatingpacing-pinion |62.

The arm |54 may be extended to present aroll |61 for cooperation of said arm |54 with a camended arm |68 fixed on the carriage-return clutch-controlling rockshaft 1e to prevent simultaneous operation of a tabulating key and closing of the carriage-return clutch 16,` 11. Figure 16 shows the normal position of said arm |54 in full outline and the normal position of the carriage-return clutch-arm |68 in dotted outline, When a tabulating key is depressed, the arm |54 moves to the dotted-line position, Figure 16, and thereby either restores the arm |68 from the -fuil-line position to the dottediine position or prevents said arm |68 from moving to the full-line position, thereby 'preventing closing of the carriage-return clutch 16, 11 dur-l f ing the tabulating operation. Should the carriage be in process of being returned by means of the motor when a tabulating key is depressed, such depression of the tabulating key will operate through the arms 154,' |68 to stop the power return of the carriage, by opening the clutch 16, 11 and eoncomitantly relatching the carriagereturn trip or latch link 64, in the event that the returning carriage has not reached the right margin-stop |01.

lt will be seen, now, ,that the describedcarmage-pacing devices, comprising the pacingpinion |23 or |38 or 62', operate to limit the speed of the carriage-advance inasmuch as the corresponding carriage-driven pinion |30 or |42 or |62 can not rotate faster than the motor-driven pacing-pinion, and can not overdrive the latter and the motor. since such overdriving is prevented as by means vof the worm and worm gear connection. 68, 69, between the pacing-pinion and the motor. The speed of rotation of the pacing-pinion is established according to the desired limit of speed of carriage-advance and is Vdetermined by providing a motor 60 of suitable speed, and gearing from the motor to the pacing-pinion proportioned suitjthe carriage-advance, and a key operable to receleration of the carriage-advance also in lons tabulating jumps, the carriage correspondingly can never be overspeeded by the spring motor no matter how long the tabulating jump is. With excessive speed of carriage-tabulating jumps thus avoided, there are also avoided excessive and wearing shock to the machine and excessive noise at the arrest of the carriage by the tabulatingstop mechanism.

The carriage pacing, shock and noise mlnimizing features of this invention maybe used in combination with a buffer and rebound-controlling device adapted to cooperate with said features '20 to reduce the shock and noise oi' impact of the carriage with a tabulating stop. Said device may be in the form of a yieldable connection, including a strong shock-cushioning spring, between the carriage proper and the tabulating rack I9, and also including a friction shoe cooperating to cush- 4 ion the impact and also to counteract the tendency oi the carriage and rack to rebound from the tabulating stop at the recovery oi' the spring, substantially as set forth in my co-pending application, Serial No. 207,062, filed May 10, 1938.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention, and portions of the improvements may be used without others.

What is claimed as new is:

1. The combination with a typing-machine carriage, means tending to advance said carriage at accelerative speed upon its release from a holding-device, a normally ineiIective stop to limit lease the carriage from said holding-device and render said stop eective, of a rotary element, means independent of said carriage-advancing means for operating said element at a predetermined carriage-pacing speed of rotation, a normally` ineffective ratchet vcoupling rendered eiective by operation of said key to connect operatively said carriage to said pacing-element whereby said element checks any tendency of the carriage to outspeed said element, said ratchet coupling permitting .said element to continue rctating independently of said carriage after arrest of the carriage by said stop.

` ter does not exceed the speed of said pacing element, the worm and worm-wheel being capable oi preventing the accelerating-checking reaction between the carriage and pacing element from accelerating said motor.

3j; The combination with a reciprocatory typing carriage, a line-space mechanism thereon, a carriage-return rack movable with and relatively to the carriage, means actuated, by the movement .of the rack relatively to the carriage, to operate end une-space mechanism, and 'e tabununz mechanism operable to eiect a. tabulating jump of the carriage, of means operative to restrain said rack to govern the speed of saidv tabulating jump, and means, acting conomitantly with operation of said tabulating mechanism, to block the relative movement of the rack and carriage thereby to enable said governing means to fully govern the speed of the tabulating jump oi the carriage.

4. The combination with a reciprocatory typ-. ing-machine carriage, a driver tending to advance said carriage at accelerative speed, and

motor-driven carriage-pacing Vpinion to limit the speed of .the carriage-advance as eiiected by said driver, said clutch-tooth connection being adapted to permit the pacing-pinion to rotate in its motor-driven direction independently of the first pinion when the carriage reaches said stop and the clutch connection remains closed. i

5. The combination with a typing-machine carriage, a driver tending to advance the carriage at accelerative speed upon release of the carriage from a holding device, of a, rotary element geared to said carriage, a rotary pacing element coaxial with said iirst element and power driven at a predetermined carriage advance pacing speed,

and a coupling, between said elements, including a helix connected to one of said elements, and a part. coaxial with said helix connected to the other .one of said elements, said helix and part being cooperative to permit unlimited relative rotation of saidelements in one direction and so .that a modicum of relative rotation of said elements in the opposite direction causes said helix to seize said part to 4prevent further relative rotation of said elements in said opposite direction,

whereby the pacing element checks any tendency of the released carriage in its advance to out-' speed such pacing elements and whereby said element may continue rotating independently of the carriage as the latter is arrested.

6. In a typing machine having a reciprocatory.

carriage and means tending to" advance said carriage at accelerative speed upon release o! said carriage from a holding device; a mechanism for controlling said speed including, in combination, a motor, a rack on the carriage, a rotary carrlage-advance-pacing element driven by said motor, a pinion engaging said rack, and a ratchet coupling operatively connecting said pinion to said pacing element to preventsaid carriage in its advance from overrunning said pacing element, said ratchet coupling permitting said motor-driven pacing element to rotate independently of the carriage when the latter is restrained by said holding device and also permitting said carriage to be returned independently of the rotation of said pacing element.

7. In a typing machine having a reciprocatory carriage and means tending to advance said carriage at accelerative speed upon release of said carriage from a holding device; a mechanism for controlling said speed including, in combination,

a motor, a rack on ythe carriage, a rotary carriage-advance-pacing element driven by said motor, a pinion engaging said rack, a ratchet coupling operatively connecting said pinion to said pacing element to prevent said carriage in its adv-ance from-overrunning said pacing element, and means supporting said pacing-clef ment, pinion and ratchet coupling in coaxial relation, said ratchet coupling permitting said motor driven pacing element to rotate independently of the carriage when the latter is restrained by said holding device and also permitting said carriage to be returned independently of .the rotation of said pacing element.

8. In a typing machine having a reciprocatory carriage and means tending to advance said carriage at accelerative speed upon release of said carriage from a holding device; a mechanism for controlling said speed including, in combination; a motor, a rack on the carriage, a shaft driven by said motor and extending transversely of said rack, a pinionoiset transversely from said shaft, said shaft having a`driving gear engaging said offset pinion, a pinion engaging said rack and supported coaxially with said oiset pinion, and a ratchet coupling operatively connecting said. coaxial pinlons.

9.. Ina typing machine having a reciprocatory carriage and means tending to advance said carriage at accelerative speed upon release of said carriage from a holding device; a mechanism for controlling said speed; including, in combination,

.an electric motor, a rackon said carriage, two

coaxially supported rotary elements, namely, a carriage-advance pacer driven by said motor and a pinion engaging said rack, and a helical coupleroperatively connected between said elements so that rotation of said pinion relatively rto said carriage-advance pacerin one direction,.during carriage advance, frictionally causes said helical coupler to seize to enable said pacer to check said pinion, said coupler being yieldable to permit unlimited relative rotation of said elements in the opposite direction. v

10. lIn a ltypewriting .machine having a reciprocatory carriage and means tending to advance said' carriage at accelerative speed upon release of said carriage from a holding device; a mechanism for controlling said speed, including, in combination an electric motor, a rack on said carriage, two coaxially `supported rotary elements, namely, a carriage-advance pacer driven by said motor and a pinion engaging said rack, a helical coupler disposed between and normally ineiective to operatively connect said elements, means operable :to release said carriage from said hold ing device, and means cooperative with said carriage-releasing means to render said helical coupier effective so that ia, modicum of rotation of said pinion relatively to s aid carriage-advance pacer, during advance of the released carriage, causes said helical coupler to .seize to enable said pacer to check said pinion.

11. In a typing machine, in combination, a

tabulating carriage, spring means for moving the carriage in tabulating direction, a, constant speed electric motor, and connections between the carriage and the motor eiective during tabulation for limiting the speed of carriage travel in tabulation to a direct ratio with the constant speed of the motor, said connections consisting solely of a ratchet coupling, toothed gearing, and supports therefor, said gearing being non-reversible in respect to preventing the spring-urged carriage from accelerating said motor.

HENRY L. PITMAN. 

